Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences
The Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, specialized, and indexed journal. Published monthly by the Arab Institute for Science and Research Publishing (AISRP) as a continuation of its distinguished scholarly publications, the journal aims to strengthen economic, administrative and legal disciplines in the Arabic research library, serving as an authoritative reference for researchers, students, and professionals interested in economic, administrative and legal sciences. The Editor-in-Chief is Professor Mohammed Al-Moataz Al-Mujtaba Ibrahim Taha. The journal's scope covers diverse fields: macroeconomics and microeconomics, financial markets and banking, business administration and strategic management, organizational behavior and human resources, accounting and auditing, marketing and consumer studies, international trade and commerce, public administration and governance, corporate and commercial law, constitutional and administrative law, international law and regulations, and interdisciplinary research integrating economics, management, and legal perspectives. The publication seeks to foster scholarly excellence through disseminating innovative research that addresses contemporary economic challenges, management practices, and legal developments. Maintaining rigorous international peer-review standards, it guarantees publication of influential studies that reinforce its standing as an indispensable resource for academics, practitioners, and decision-makers across these interconnected disciplines.
The Arab Institute for Science and Research Publishing (AISRP)
The Mediating Role of Practical Relevance between Instructional Practices of Teachers and Sustainable Engagement among Accounting Students in Saudi Arabia: The Moderating Role of Artificial Intelligence Usage
This research aimed to examine the direct influence of the instructional practices of teachers (IPT) on the sustainable engagement (SE) of accounting students studying in Saudi Arabian private and public universities. The study also aimed to investigate the mediating role of practical relevance (PR) in the above relationship. Furthermore, the study investigated whether artificial intelligence usage (AIU) by students has any moderating role in the above relationships. This study adopted a quantitative approach. Using the simple random sampling method, the study collected 374 responses for the analysis through the PLS-SEM. The results indicate that IPT does not necessarily influence sustainable engagement directly unless there is an indirect role of practical relevance. Surprisingly, the study didn’t find a moderating role for AIU in the above relationships. The results have practical implications for practitioners, managers, policymakers in to ignite sustainable engagement among the accounting students in Saudi Arabia and beyond.
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Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications and Creative Behavior among Employees of the Education Department in Jeddah Governorate from their Perspective
This study aimed to evaluate using of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications and the creative behavior of employees in the Education Department of Jeddah Governorate, focusing on decision-making applications, customer service applications, and human resource development applications. A descriptive survey approach was adopted, and a questionnaire was used as the primary data collection tool. The study population included all employees of the Education Department, and a convenience random sample of 994 employees responded electronically. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results revealed a very high level of AI application usage, with customer communication applications ranking first (M = 4.22), followed by decision-making applications (M = 4.16), and human resource development applications (M = 4.02). The level of creative behavior among employees was also very high (M = 4.32). Based on these findings, the study recommends providing specialized training programs for employees on each application type, enhancing digital infrastructure to keep pace with rapid technological changes, increasing reliance on smart applications for big data analysis and predictive forecasting, and motivating employees while periodically assessing application effectiveness.
The Impact of Knowledge Management Processes in Improving The Quality of Decisions in The Palestinian Ministry of Finance - The Southern Governorates
The study aims at clarifying the real quality of decisions and the level of knowledge management of the Palestinian Ministry of Finance in the southern governorates, to determine the impact of knowledge management on the quality of decision-making and to show the impact of each knowledge management process (knowledge acquisition, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, knowledge application) on the quality of decisions of the Palestinian Ministry of Finance in the southern governorates, and that is in light of the clear insufficiency of previous studies in addressing the subject of the study, also the previous studies have proven the existence of problems that hinder the decision-making process, all of the previous expresses the problem of the study and its importance. The study hypotheses are represented in the first main hypothesis: There is a statistically significant effect at a significance level (α ≤ 0.05) of knowledge management dimensions on the quality of decisions in the Palestinian Ministry of Finance in the southern governorates, and the second main hypothesis: There are differences in the average responses at a significance level (α ≤ 0.05) regarding knowledge management in the Palestinian Ministry of Finance in the southern governorates attributed to the following personal and organizational variables: (academic qualification, years of service, administrative level, program), and &nbsp;the third main hypothesis: There are differences in the average responses at a significance level (α ≤ 0.05) regarding the quality of decisions in the Palestinian Ministry of Finance in the southern governorates attributed to the following personal and organizational variables: (academic qualification, years of service, administrative level, program). The analytical descriptive method was adopted. The study population consisted of all the Palestinian Ministry of Finance supervisory staff in the southern governorates of (281) staff, where the comprehensive survey method was used, and questionnaires were distributed to all staff, where (209) questionnaires were tested and were considered valid.
The impact of organizational behavior on the effectiveness of the organizational role of The Ministry of Health branch in achieving the goals of health transformation in Najran region
The aim of this study was to examine the impact of organizational behavior on the effectiveness of the organizational role of the Ministry of Health branch in achieving health transformation goals in the Najran region. The researcher employed the descriptive analytical method and distributed a questionnaire to a random sample of (62) employees working at the Ministry of Health branch in Najran. The findings revealed that the level of organizational behavior among employees was high, with an overall mean of (4.14 out of 5). Role performance recorded the highest mean (4.62), followed by helping behavior (4.41), and creative behavior (4.36), while deviant behavior scored the lowest (2.31). Additionally, the mean level of organizational role effectiveness in achieving health transformation goals was very high at (4.39 out of 5). Linear regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant role for the dimensions of organizational behavior (role performance, deviant behavior, helping behavior, and creative behavior) on the effectiveness of the organizational role, explaining 78.1% of the variance in effectiveness, with β coefficients ranging from 0.225 to 0.343, all statistically significant, There are no statistically significant differences in the study sample’s response regarding the impact of organizational behavior on the effectiveness of the organizational role of the Ministry of Health branch in achieving the goals of health transformation in the Najran region according to the variables (gender, age, years of experience). Based on these findings, the researcher recommends providing continuous training opportunities for employees and developing incentive systems to enhance performance and innovation within the framework of health transformation.
Rooting Administrative Functions in The Light of The Holy Qur’an and The Sunnah: A Comparative Study with Modern Administrative Thought to Build an Integrated Islamic Administrative Model
This study seeks to establish the four managerial functions-planning, organizing, directing, and controlling-in light of the Qur’an and the Prophetic Sunnah, and to compare them with modern management concepts and models, with the aim of developing a comprehensive Islamic management model that balances institutional efficiency with ethical values. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical and comparative approach through examining Islamic texts in relation to managerial concepts, identifying similarities, differences, and opportunities for integration. The findings indicate that the Islamic managerial perspective is characterized by its value-based reference rooted in Sharia, integrating both material and spiritual dimensions to achieve a balance between institutional objectives and moral purposes, while maintaining adaptability to contemporary challenges. The study recommends incorporating Islamic values into modern administrative practices, designing training programs for leaders and managers that include principles of Islamic management, Shura (consultation), and leadership by example, and enhancing dual control systems (self and institutional) aligned with Sharia-based values. Furthermore, it encourages applied research to test the effectiveness of the proposed Islamic management model within contemporary organizational contexts.
The Impact of Job Security on Contextual Performance: An Applied Study of Workers in the Bish Municipality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The aim of this research is to identify the impact of job security on contextual performance in its two dimensions (organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior) among employees in the Baish Municipality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to identify the statistical differences in the respondents' responses regarding the impact of job security on contextual performance of employees in the Baish Municipality according to the following personal and functional variables: (gender, age, educational qualification, length of service), as well as to determine the level of feeling of job security among employees in the Baish Municipality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and to determine the level of contextual performance among employees in the Baish Municipality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study population represented all employees in the Baish Municipality, numbering 150. The researcher used the comprehensive enumeration method as it is the most appropriate method for the size of the population and the nature of the research. The researcher received 132 responses via the electronic link. The study relied on the descriptive analytical approach. The results of the statistical analysis revealed a statistically significant positive effect at the level of α≤0.05 of job security on contextual performance in its two dimensions (organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior) among employees in the Baish Municipality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study also found no statistically significant differences among the respondents regarding the impact of job security on contextual performance of employees in the Baish Municipality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia according to the following personal and occupational variables: (gender, age, educational qualification, length of service). The results also indicated that the job security axis, the organizational commitment axis, and the organizational citizenship behavior axis were moderate, with the arithmetic mean percentage for each of them being 66.54%, 66.24%, and 64.44%, respectively.
Table of Content: The Impact of Job Security on Contextual Performance: An Applied Study of Workers in the Bish Municipality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ms. Hawaz Abdolaziz Essa ,Prof. Alariki Baseim Qaid Rooting Administrative Functions in The Light of The Holy Qur’an and The Sunnah: A Comparative Study with Modern Administrative Thought to Build an Integrated Islamic Administrative Model Dr. Najla Farhat Alakroot The impact of organizational behavior on the effectiveness of the organizational role of The Ministry of Health branch in achieving the goals of health transformation in Najran region Mr. Faisal Hussain Faisal Alsharif, Dr. Ali Mohammed Al Mansour ,Mr. Manassar Zaied M. Al Sulieman The Impact of Knowledge Management Processes in Improving The Quality of Decisions in The Palestinian Ministry of Finance - The Southern Governorates Dr. Mahmoud Mohammed Abu Aisha, Prof. Yousif Hussein Ashour ,Mr. Haytham Ahmed Al-Slakhi Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications and Creative Behavior among Employees of the Education Department in Jeddah Governorate from their Perspective Ms. Hoda Salah Musaed Al-Jahni The Role of Strategic Planning in Improving Engineering Project Performance According to Saudi Vision 2030 " Case Study - Projects by Dar Al-Handasah" Eng. Nazar Mohamed Elkheir The Mediating Role of Practical Relevance between Instructional Practices of Teachers and Sustainable Engagement among Accounting Students in Saudi Arabia: The Moderating Role of Artificial Intelligence Usage Asst-Prof. Warda Hodaed Alsheikh
The Journal of Economic, Administrative and Legal Sciences
The Contribution of Soft leadership Skills on Organizational Change: A Study on Sudanese Insurance Companies
The study aimed to identify the extent of the contribution of soft leadership skills on organizational change, applying it to the Sudanese insurance companies’ sector in North Kordofan State. The study problem was represented by the following main question: Does soft leadership Skills contribute to the stages of organizational change, as applied to the insurance companies’ sector in North Kordofan State? The study relied on the comprehensive enumeration method and designed a questionnaire to collect data. The descriptive approach was followed, to analyze data and test hypotheses, descriptive statistics methods were used through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) program and path analysis through the (AMOS) program. The results of study showed that soft leadership skills contribute to the stages of organizational change through the dimension of preparing for change, where the level of significance reached (.000), after implementing the change, where the level of significance reached (.000), and after stabilizing the change, where the level of significance reached (.000). The study recommended that insurance company managements practice soft leadership skills and encourage employees to feel responsible for implementing organizational change in order to develop their companies to keep pace with the rapidly changing environment.
Liquidity and Leverage Effects on Sudatel’s Financial Performance (2015–2024)
This study examines the effect of liquidity and financial leverage on the financial performance of Sudatel Telecommunications Group Ltd. over the period 2015–2024, a time marked by economic and financial instability in Sudan. A descriptive–analytical approach was employed, using SPSS to conduct correlation analysis, linear regression, and ANOVA. The results reveal a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between liquidity and financial performance. Specifically, the Quick Ratio emerged as the most influential predictor of Return on Assets (ROA), with a regression coefficient of 5.698 at a significance level of 0.013. In contrast, financial leverage showed no significant effect on ROA (P = 0.470), indicating that debt financing did not contribute to profitability. Earnings per Share (EPS) also exhibited no significant impact, underscoring its dependence on external market factors. By distinguishing between liquidity measures and providing context-specific evidence from Sudan’s telecommunications sector, this study addresses a research gap in fragile economies. It recommends strengthening quick liquidity management, minimizing reliance on debt, and improving working-capital efficiency to enhance financial resilience.
The Financial Management of Stock in the Path of Allah in Achieving Economic Stability and Security
Allah has blessed us with a complete and comprehensive religion that is suitable for reforming all times and places. This religion includes a financial obligation, which is zakat, which is capable of solving all economic problems in a comprehensive and complete way, after diligence in the branches and keeping the fundamentals fixed. The diligence in the branches is by the Zakat House issuing its own currency, which can be called the Islamic Dinar, and its reserve is the national currency. The case of the Zakat House working on that and paying the dues of a stock in the way of Allah, which amounts to one-eighth of the Zakat proceeds, the following Findings can be reached: The stock in the Path of Allah contributes in achieving economic stability by curbing inflation, eliminating unemployment, and confronting any threat to the country from the north and east. This is achieved through: Financing the expenses of a stock in the way of Allah from the money issued by the Zakat Treasury. As for what the Ministry of Defense needs in terms of imports, foreign currencies are purchased from money changers, the Central Bank, or commercial banks with the money issued by the Zakat Treasury, as well as by presenting the collection of the Zakat proceeds for the coming year, and the donations collected for the Ministry of Defense from citizens, i.e. jihad with money, and by issuing Islamic bonds to be a good loan, this is to control the money supply and the speed of money circulation, which curbs inflation resulting from military operations. Eliminating unemployment: This is achieved by financing military projects, factories, bases and infrastructure from the allocations of the share in the way of God obtained from zakat and the collection of zakat for the coming year, and donations provided by citizens to be a financial jihad, and with a good loan by issuing Islamic bonds to finance the construction of projects, factories, bases and infrastructure and what the armed forces need in terms of construction, All of this contributes to employing the elements of production, including land, labor, capital, and organization, which reduces unemployment.
Evaluating the Transformations of the Bura Biosphere Reserve in Yemen: A reading of the Environmental, Social, and Economic Context
The establishment of protected areas is a crucial step towards improving the environment, protecting wildlife and marine life, mitigating degradation, conserving biodiversity, and promoting ecotourism. They also play a role in protecting ecosystems and supporting climate regulation. The designation of these areas promotes sustainable livelihoods, raises environmental awareness, and enhances communities' resilience through sustainable resource management. This paper aims to explore the transformations that Bura'a Biosphere Reserve in Yemen has witnessed since its inscription on UNESCO's tentative list in 2002, through its declaration as a national reserve in 2006, and finally its registration as a Biosphere Reserve on the UNESCO List in 2011. The study focuses on analyzing the environmental, social, and economic context of each phase, exploring the key challenges and opportunities the reserve faced during these stages. The study adopted a qualitative descriptive approach, using analytical chronology and case study methods to document and analyze the reserve's development. The study concludes that each phase has experienced environmental, social, and economic challenges, shaped by changing political circumstances, economic instability, and the effects of climate change. The trajectory of the Bura'a Biosphere Reserve reflects a complex interplay of these factors. The study revealed that conservation efforts have been significantly hampered by environmental changes, such as climate-induced drought, as well as weak management and the inability to enforce laws.
Digital Transformation in Government Services: Enhancing Efficiency, Accessibility, and Citizen Experience: A Case Study of The United Arab Emirates (UAE)
This study aimed to highlight the topic of "Digital Transformation in Government Services: Enhancing Efficiency, Accessibility, and Citizen Experience ", as digital transformation is one of the principal axes of digital government initiatives. This study reviewed the stages of transition from E-Government to digital government, highlighting the most essential concepts and terms, problems, and challenges related to digital transformation. This study sheds light on the importance of digital transformation, highlighting its impact on quality of life and customer satisfaction. It also deals with organizational aspects and reviews the experiences of the United Arab Emirates. The study concluded that the Digital Transformation represents a qualitative leap in the government work system, contributing to reduced traffic congestion and a decrease in widespread accidents. The most important thing is to provide digital services via the Internet and other networks intelligently and efficiently, faster, cheaper, better, and more securely, with unprecedented new horizons. The study also identified the most significant benefits of digital transformation, including cost savings, time efficiency, reduced effort, lower government expenditures, reduced traffic congestion, and fewer widespread accidents. Digital government increases the confidence of citizens and all customers. It provides opportunities for interaction, transparency, and participation between the government and the people, as well as the exchange of information among the people. And it ensures a safe and decent life for all UAE residents, without exception. The study concluded that the costly infrastructure is one of the most prominent disadvantages of digital government, as it requires strong infrastructure, reliable and secure systems, and the connection of all users' mobile devices to the Internet to access services.
The Role of Strategic Management in Achieving Administrative Creativity at Prince Sattam University in Al-Kharj Governorate from the Perspective of Administrative Employees
This study aimed to identify the role of strategic management in achieving administrative creativity among administrative employees at Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University in Al-Kharj Governorate. It specifically examined the impact of strategic management dimensions—environmental analysis, strategy formulation, strategy implementation, and strategic control—on administrative creativity. The study adopted a descriptive analytical methodology and used a questionnaire administered to a random sample of 291 employees out of a total population of 1,261. The findings indicated a high level of agreement on the dimensions of strategic management, with a mean score of 4.14 for both environmental analysis and strategy formulation, 4.05 for strategic control, and 3.99 for strategy implementation. The level of administrative creativity was found to be very high, with a mean score of 4.21. Results also revealed a statistically significant positive correlation between strategic management and administrative creativity. Additionally, significant differences were found based on years of experience for the sake of employees who have experience less than 5 years, while no differences were detected based on gender, age, educational qualification, or job title. Based on these findings, the study recommended developing periodic mechanisms to monitor potential challenges, organizing specialized training workshops, implementing effective financial planning, and fostering a supportive environment for creativity through both material and moral incentives.
Multi-Dimensional Strategic Model to Enhance Institutional Performance Under Digital Transformation: An Applied Framework in the Saudi Context
The Saudi context, under the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, is witnessing rapid digital transformations aimed at building an integrated digital economy and enhancing institutional performance across various sectors. Despite these efforts, there remains a clear gap in applied models that integratively link digital leadership, digital transformation technologies, and institutional performance measurement systems. Most previous studies have addressed these dimensions separately, resulting in the absence of a comprehensive strategic framework capable of achieving the required functional integration to sustain digital transformation. Accordingly, this study gains its importance by proposing a multidimensional strategic framework that addresses this research and practical gap, enhancing the ability of Saudi institutions to adapt to rapid environmental and technological changes while contributing to sustainable development and national strategic goals. The study sought to develop a unified strategic model based on integrating three main pillars: digital leadership, performance measurement systems, and emerging technologies, within a functional framework that promotes institutional digital maturity. The study was guided by several main hypotheses, most notably: the existence of a statistically significant positive relationship between digital leadership and institutional performance improvement; a positive relationship between adopting modern technologies and the efficiency of administrative processes; and an interactive hypothesis stating that integrating these three dimensions would enhance institutional performance more significantly than the impact of each dimension separately. A descriptive-analytical methodology was employed, relying on a review of recent literature and official performance reports from Saudi governmental institutions to contextualize the findings within the national digital transformation framework. The results revealed weak coordination among digital infrastructure components, limiting the achievement of the required strategic coherence.
Table of Content: Multi-Dimensional Strategic Model to Enhance Institutional Performance Under Digital Transformation: An Applied Framework in the Saudi Context Ms. Mona Jeza Almutairi , Mr. Hassan Khidhr Alhallafi, Mr. Almotasim Khalil Alabbas The Role of Strategic Management in Achieving Administrative Creativity at Prince Sattam University in Al-Kharj Governorate from the Perspective of Administrative Employees Ms. Kholoud Ghaleb Mubarak Al-Dosari Digital Transformation in Government Services: Enhancing Efficiency, Accessibility, and Citizen Experience: A Case Study of The United Arab Emirates (UAE) Dr. Khawla Mossa Abdulla AlHaiyas Evaluating the Transformations of the Bura Biosphere Reserve in Yemen: A reading of the Environmental, Social, and Economic Context Asst-Prof. Bardees Taher Al-Okab The Financial Management of Stock in the Path of Allah in Achieving Economic Stability and Security Asst-Prof. Hazem Mahmoud Alwadi Liquidity and Leverage Effects on Sudatel’s Financial Performance (2015–2024) Dr. Najla Fateh Elrhman Elgadi The Contribution of Soft leadership Skills on Organizational Change: A Study on Sudanese Insurance Companies Co-Prof. Mohammed Mukhtar Ibrahim , Asst-Prof. Adam Yagoub Abker
Forensic Accounting before the Libyan Judiciary as a Mechanism to Reduce Financial Corruption: A Field Analytical Study
This study aims to explore the feasibility of adopting forensic accounting mechanisms to assist the Libyan judiciary in combating financial corruption and to determine the effectiveness of this mechanism in ensuring justice and protecting public funds amid the institutional and legal challenges facing the state. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected through questionnaires distributed to members of the judiciary who constituted the study sample. The data were analyzed using SPSS software through descriptive statistical tests (frequencies, means, standard deviations) and inferential tests (one-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA). The results showed that between 88% and 98% of judiciary members are aware of the importance of the qualifications and skills required of forensic accountants. Between 63% and 95% recognized the frequent occurrence of financial corruption cases, while 62% to 73% expressed the need for an assisting mechanism to provide necessary evidence in such cases. Additionally, 67% to 90% confirmed the existence of Libyan legislation that permits the engagement of forensic accountants. Based on these findings, the study recommended appointing a sufficient number of competent forensic accountants within the judicial expertise apparatus, dedicating them to criminal cases to assist judicial investigators in evidence gathering and investigation. It also recommended strengthening the Anti-Corruption Prosecution with advanced mechanisms, including appointing forensic accountants within its staff. Furthermore, the study advised allocating specific divisions within criminal courts to handle financial corruption cases to ensure the quality of judicial rulings. It also emphasized coordinating efforts between the Supreme Judicial Council and the Accountants’ Syndicate to establish a joint institute for training forensic accountants and introducing a specialized forensic accounting course in law faculties to enhance accounting literacy among law graduates.
The Size and Contribution of the Informal Economy in Jordan during the Period 2019-2023
The Paper aims to analyze the reality of the informal economy in Jordan, estimate the size and distribution of labor force by economic activity, and its contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP). The labor force statistics method was used to estimate the size of the informal economy, the total national labor force, the rate of economic participation in the formal economy, the percentage of decline in the officially estimated labor force (employed and unemployed) relative to the total national labor force, and the total labor force in the informal economy. The study estimated its contribution to the GDP relative to the formal economy's contribution to the GDP. The most important results of the Paper were an estimate of the national labor force in Jordan in 2023 at approximately 2,532,082 million workers, distributed at a rate of 61.4% in the formal economy and 38.6% in the informal economy. The number of workers in the informal economy reached approximately 976,850, with Jordanian workers 63.4% and non-Jordanian workers 36.6%. The contribution of the informal economy was estimated at approximately JOD 9.766 billion, representing 26.9% of the gross domestic product (GDP) at current prices in 2023. The value of taxes due to the state was estimated at JOD 1.4 billion annually, representing 14.1% of total taxes on production. The paper recommended to expand social safety nets for Jordanian workers, supporting and simplifying procedures for their integration into the formal economy.
The Impact of Using the Balanced Scorecard in Enhancing Organizational Agility: An Applied Study on Technical Colleges in the Asir Region
The aim of the study was to identify the impact of the Balanced Scorecard dimensions on organizational agility and to examine the statistically significant differences in the study sample's perceptions regarding this impact based on variables such as academic qualification, years of service, and job title. The researcher employed the descriptive-analytical method for conducting the study. The research population consisted of 306 administrative employees, of which a simple random sample of 169 administrative staff was selected. A questionnaire was used as the primary research tool, and data were analyzed using the SPSS program. The study revealed several findings: There is a statistically significant impact of the Balanced Scorecard dimensions (financial dimension, customer dimension, internal processes dimension and learning and growth dimension) on enhancing organizational agility in the technical colleges in the Asir region. Furthermore, there are statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of academic qualification and years of service in the average responses of the study sample regarding the Balanced Scorecard. However, no significant differences were found concerning job title. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in the perceptions of the sample regarding organizational agility based on academic qualification, years of service, or job title. The study recommended that the management of technical colleges should provide training courses on the dimensions of the Balanced Scorecard and organizational agility to administrative employees across different job titles and should continuously update the Balanced Scorecard to keep pace with future changes in the work environment and technical and educational challenges.
The Impact of War Conditions on Multidimensional Poverty and Development in Northwestern Syria: A Field Study of Idlib and Aleppo Governorates in 2024
This research examines the relationship between social development and multidimensional poverty in the northwestern governorates of Idlib and Aleppo, as a model case study for conflict zones and the impact of war on development. The research relies on recent studies and reports on measuring multidimensional poverty and applies the Oxford Community Initiative methodology to measure the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI), which is based on three dimensions: health, education, and standard of living. A social sample survey was conducted in the districts, sub-districts, villages, and camps of Idlib and Aleppo governorates, using a stratified random sample of 494 households and 2,568 individuals. The results showed a high poverty rate, reaching 25%, and that 47% of individuals suffer from extreme poverty and deprivation. Disparities in multidimensional poverty indicators were evident between cities, rural areas, and camps. Standard of living and education in the camps contributed more than 85% of multidimensional poverty, with approximately 31% of children not attending school, and approximately 43% of them did not complete primary education. There was a clear disparity in multidimensional poverty indicators between Idlib and Aleppo governorates, with the severity of deprivation being 5.5% higher in Aleppo than in Idlib. The percentage of children deprived of education in cities reached 60.7% and 50.8% in villages. Regarding health indicators, 10% suffered from acute malnutrition, and approximately 7% of households had under-five mortality. This percentage reached 11.2% in camps. Regarding standard of living indicators, more than 3% lacked electricity, rising to 5% in camps. Regarding access to clean drinking water, nearly 7% of households lacked it, with the percentage reaching 13.5% in rural areas and 20% in camps. Furthermore, approximately 7% of camp residents were deprived of cooking gas, and more than 17.7% lived in tents or mud houses lacking the most basic housing requirements.
The Impact of Flexible Work Environment on Employee Productivity: A Survey Study at Zain Iraq Telecommunications Company
This study aims to explore the impact of a flexible work environment on employee productivity through a survey-based approach conducted at Zain Iraq Telecom Company. The problem of this research is to attempt to answer the main question: How does a flexible work environment affect employee productivity at Zain Iraq Telecommunications Company? To address this problem, a main hypothesis was developed: There is a statistically significant relationship between a flexible work environment and increased employee productivity at Zain Iraq Telecommunications Company. The importance of this research lies in its ability to help Iraqi institutions and startups understand the advantages and challenges of flexible work, enabling them to make strategic decisions that support productivity and improve the work environment. The research adopts a descriptive-analytical methodology to understand the relationship between flexible work arrangements—such as remote work and flexible hours—and the level of employee performance and satisfaction. A random sample of 174 employees from various departments was selected, encompassing both those working under flexible systems and those under traditional work hours, to enable a comparative analysis. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire covering three dimensions: demographic characteristics, the use and perception of flexible work arrangements, and self-reported productivity levels. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, applying descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and multiple regression to determine the effect of work flexibility on productivity. Results revealed a strong positive relationship between flexible work environments and increased employee productivity, as well as enhanced work-life balance and job satisfaction. However, some concerns were noted regarding communication among team members in remote settings, suggesting the need for improved communication strategies and managerial support. The study concludes that implementing flexible work models can significantly boost productivity and employee well-being if properly managed and recommends that organizations invest in infrastructure and training to maximize the benefits of flexible work systems.
The Impact of Humble Leadership on Enhancing Organizational Commitment: A Field Study of Employees in the Emirate of Jazan Region
This study aims to identify the levels of both modest control and organizational commitment in the Emirate of Jazan Region, as well as to contribute to modest control in improving organizational commitment among employees in the Emirate of Jazan Region, through an applied study based on descriptive and analytical roles. The study population represented all employees in the Emirate of Jazan Region, numbering (509) individuals. The study tool (questionnaire) was applied to a sample of (217) employees in the Emirate of Jazan Region. The study differs in its modest dynamics (self-awareness, suitability for learning, differs from each other, self-difference), and is effective in organizational implementation. Given the vast diversity of variables (self-awareness, seriousness in learning, appreciation of others, and self-change) in the Emirate of Jazan Region from the perspective of employees, where it was very high, with an overall average of 4.21 and a global deviation of 0.89, the overall level of organizational performance in the Emirate of Jazan Region from the perspective of employees was high, with an overall average of 4.12 and an acceptable deviation of 1.03. Furthermore, there were no statistically significant results at the significance level (α ≥ 0.05) regarding the effect of humble leadership on organizational performance, nor were there any statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≥ 0.05) in the study's study on the role of humble leadership in organizational commitment in the Emirate of Jazan Region attributed to the gender variable, with a significance level of 0.458. There were statistically significant differences at the significance level (α ≥ 0.05) in the research on the role of humble leadership in improving organizational performance in the Emirate of Jazan Region, attributed to the educational level variable. This main difference stems from postgraduate studies, with the significance level reaching (0.012).
The Role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Supporting Knowledge Management (KM) and Its Processes: An Analytical Study
Problem: This study addresses the research gap related to exploring the role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in supporting knowledge management processes and investigating how this technology can be employed to enhance decision-making in contemporary environments. Significance: The importance of this study lies in its potential to highlight the role of this emerging technology in supporting knowledge management and its core processes, particularly in the domains of knowledge discovery, representation, and extraction. Hypotheses: The study assumes that Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) plays a positive role in supporting knowledge management and its associated processes. Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the concept of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and explore the relationship between XAI technologies and knowledge management (KM) and its processes, through an analytical review of the relevant scientific literature. Methods: The study adopted an inductive analytical approach by examining English-language studies published between 2020 and 2025, to identifying theoretical and practical frameworks that illustrate how XAI can support KM processes, including knowledge discovery, representation, and extraction. Results: The study concluded that (XAI) technologies have a significant positive impact on enhancing the effectiveness of knowledge management by producing interpretable outputs that support better decision-making and improve decision quality for decision-makers. The findings also indicate that (XAI) fosters transparency and trust in AI systems, thereby increasing the reliability of AI adoption in the context of knowledge management.
The impact of digitizing healthcare services on hospital performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
The study aimed to analyze the impact of digitizing health services on hospital performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, within the context of the national direction toward digital transformation and the goals of Vision 2030 to advance the healthcare sector. The study population included all employees in hospitals across the Kingdom. A stratified random sampling method was used to select the sample, and 250 questionnaires were distributed, with 232 returned representing a response rate of 92.8%. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the relationship between digitization (independent variable) and hospital performance (dependent variable), using a measurement tool comprising four key dimensions, administered to a scientifically determined sample. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between the dimensions of healthcare digitization and hospital performance, with an overall mean score of 3.87 and an agreement rate of 77.32%. The results also indicated significant differences in the level of adoption, with digital infrastructure and health information systems being more widely implemented than management information systems. The study also identified several barriers to the adoption of digital healthcare services in Saudi hospitals, primarily related to funding, administrative capacity, availability of suitable technologies, and qualified human resources. It recommended enhancing digitalization efforts in Saudi hospitals and learning from the experiences of leading countries in this domain.
Table of Content: The impact of digitizing healthcare services on hospital performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Dr. Samiyah Rafan Althaqafy, Dr. Mohammad Abdullah Barnawy ,Mr. Faris Omar Batawi The Role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in Supporting Knowledge Management (KM) and Its Processes: An Analytical Study Ms. Mashael Abdulrahman Al-Hazmi, Ms. Enas Mohammed Al-Najjar, Ms. Wafa Mohna Al-Shaikh The Impact of Humble Leadership on Enhancing Organizational Commitment "A Field Study of Employees in the Emirate of Jazan Region" Mr. Laghabi Mohammed Yahya, Prof. Alariki, Baseim Qaid The Impact of Flexible Work Environment on Employee Productivity: A Survey Study at Zain Iraq Telecommunications Company Lecturer \ Asrar Abdulzahra Ali The Impact of War Conditions on Multidimensional Poverty and Development in Northwestern Syria: A Field Study of Idlib and Aleppo Governorates in 2024 Mr. Ayaz Shukri Taher, Prof. Samir Al-Chikh Ali The Impact of Using the Balanced Scorecard in Enhancing Organizational Agility: An Applied Study on Technical Colleges in the Asir Region Ms. Raghad Ali Mohammed ,Prof. Mohsen Al-Dabbabi The Size and Contribution of the Informal Economy in Jordan during the Period 2019-2023 Dr. Jihad Ahmad Abu Al-Sondos Forensic Accounting before the Libyan Judiciary as a Mechanism to Reduce Financial Corruption: A Field Analytical Study Ms. Fathya Gebril Shaitir ,Prof. Jazia Gebril Shaitir
Investigating Operational Performance Outcomes and Adopting Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices in The Health Sector (As a Case Study on NUPCO Company)
This study aims to explore the relationship between the adoption of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM) practices and operational performance outcomes in the healthcare sector in Saudi Arabia, using NUPCO as a case study. A descriptive analytical quantitative approach was adopted, and data were collected through an electronic questionnaire distributed to a sample of 289 employees out of a total population of 1,166. The questionnaire addressed SSCM dimensions (green procurement, green distribution, eco-design, and reverse logistics) and operational performance dimensions (quality, cost, and flexibility). The findings revealed a Agree level of SSCM implementation, with an overall mean of 3.41, indicating a tendency toward agreement, while operational performance was Agree, with a mean of 3.99—flexibility being the highest at 4.07. Regression analysis showed statistically significant positive effects: green procurement influenced quality with a coefficient of 0.435, cost with 0.532, and flexibility with 0.405. Eco-design affected quality, cost, and flexibility with coefficients of 0.317, 0.371, and 0.281, respectively. Green distribution had a positive effect on quality (0.327) and cost (0.374), while reverse logistics had a limited effect, impacting only cost (0.131). The study recommends enhancing the infrastructure for green distribution and reverse logistics and integrating green procurement and eco-design practices into operational strategies to improve performance and align with Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 sustainability goals.
Legislative Protection for Persons with Disabilities in the Saudi System: A Study in Light of Sustainable Development and Vision 2030
Globally, recognition of the rights of persons with disabilities has become central to most international and national policies, rather than merely an optional luxury. International texts and treaties on persons with disabilities aim to strengthen efforts to ensure the inclusion of persons with disabilities in all aspects of development efforts and provide an opportunity to strengthen relevant development policies in the implementation of internationally agreed development goals and the achievement of sustainable development for countries, thus contributing to the realization of a “sustainable society for all.” As for the situation in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, its legal systems have guaranteed a special status for persons with disabilities by providing comprehensive care services to all those in need of care according to their health condition, degree of disability, or social status. Medical, social, psychological, educational, and vocational services have been employed to help persons with disabilities achieve the highest possible degree of effectiveness within Saudi society, with the aim of enabling them to adapt to the requirements of their natural and social environment, developing their abilities to be self-reliant, and making them productive members of society. The authorities responsible for persons with disabilities in the Kingdom have varied between service, oversight, and regulatory bodies that weave a legislative framework and rules that regulate their work and the responsibilities of each body. The Kingdom updated the system for persons with disabilities in accordance with the latest global developments in 2023 to ensure that it includes all rights recognized by the international community and adopted by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, and is consistent with the Kingdom's Vision 2030.
The Impact of Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies on Crowd Management: A Field Study on Employees of the General Department of Crowd Management at the General Authority for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque in Makkah City
This study aims to examine the relationship between the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies—specifically surveillance, pattern recognition, data collection, and prediction—and crowd management at the Grand Mosque during Ramadan 1446 AH. It is based on a field study that draws on the perspectives of employees in the General Administration of Crowd Management at the General Authority for the Affairs of the Grand Mosque and the Prophet's Mosque in the city of Mecca. The theoretical framework of the research explores the concept of crowd management, the major challenges it faces, and the efforts made by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in this field. It also discusses the concept of artificial intelligence, its general applications, and its role in improving crowd management, while shedding light on the technical experiences employed in serving the pilgrims. The study further focuses on analyzing the impact of using AI technologies in regulating the flow of individuals and reducing the risks associated with overcrowding. It evaluates the effectiveness of these technologies in enhancing crowd management and offers proposals for developing future strategies for their implementation. The research includes an in-depth statistical analysis of the study’s findings, which contributes to reaching conclusions that support the future development of crowd management mechanisms at the Grand Mosque. The descriptive analytical method was used to examine the relationship between the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and the effectiveness of crowd management at the Grand Mosque. A questionnaire was used as the primary tool for data collection, and a sample of 170 individuals was selected from a total study population of 300 employees. After statistically analyzing the collected data, the study reached several key findings. Most notably, there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.75) between the use of AI technologies and crowd management.
The Relationship Between Team Management and Enhancing Organizational Resilience in the Municipalities of Northern Gaza Amid the Israeli War (2023–2025)
The study aimed to examine the relationship between team management and the enhancement of organizational resilience in the municipalities of Northern Gaza during the Israeli war (2023–2025). The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach and utilized a questionnaire to collect data from emergency committees in the municipalities of Northern Gaza (Jabalia Al-Nazla, Beit Lahia, and Beit Hanoun), comprising a total of 46 employees. The study found that the municipalities of Northern Gaza demonstrate a high level of team management, including team interaction, team cohesion, and team commitment. However, the municipalities face clear challenges and difficulties that hinder their organizational resilience, which was found to be at a moderate level. Additionally, the study revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between team management (team interaction, cohesion, and commitment) and the enhancement of organizational resilience in these municipalities. The study recommended that the Palestinian government and official institutions adopt a comprehensive national policy to strengthen the resilience of municipalities amid the ongoing conflict. This should include clear mechanisms for coordination between municipalities and relevant ministries. Moreover, it called on donor agencies and international organizations (e.g., UNDP, OCHA, GIZ) to implement institutional capacity-building projects that focus on supporting organizational resilience and developing decentralized decision-making models that enable rapid response and effective distribution of responsibilities during emergencies.
The impact of Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM) on improving institutional performance at the Ministry of media in Riyadh
This study aimed to analyze the impact of electronic human resource management (e-HRM) on improving institutional performance at the Ministry of media in Riyadh. The researcher adopted a descriptive analytical methodology through a case study approach, collecting data via a questionnaire distributed to a small sample of 60 participants. The statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software to test the study's hypotheses. The findings revealed a significant positive impact of e-HRM on institutional performance, underscoring the importance of leveraging digital practices to enhance organizational efficiency.
The internal and external influences on U.S. policy in the Middle East
This study examines how U.S. policy in the Middle East is influenced by internal factors such as its secure geographical location, natural resources, demographic diversity, political system, and military and scientific capabilities, all of which grant it flexibility and independence in decision-making. The personality of the U.S. president also plays a significant role in shaping the approach to the region. Externally, Washington seeks to maintain its global dominance in the face of challenges such as China's rise and Russia's resurgence, while also considering the interests of its European allies. Regional factors and challenges—such as terrorism and sectarian conflicts—serve to justify American intervention under the pretext of ensuring stability. Moreover, support for Israel and engagement with Turkey are key components in shaping U.S. policies in the region. And the study aimed to qualitatively analyze the interaction between internal and external factors in shaping U.S. policy in the Middle East, employing a descriptive-analytical methodology.
Internal and external American influences