Journal of agricultural, environmental and veterinary sciences
The Journal of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed, specialized, and indexed journal. It is published quarterly (every 3 months) by the Arab Institute for Science and Research Publishing (AISRP) as part of its distinguished series of scientific publications. The journal seeks to establish a specialized scientific reference that enriches the field of agricultural, environmental and veterinary sciences in the Arabic library, guiding researchers toward agricultural, environmental and veterinary issues that need study and supporting them in their research work. The current Editor-in-Chief is Professor Shereen Saeed Abdel-Gaid Mohammed. The journal's scope encompasses diverse areas: sustainable agriculture and crop production, soil science and fertility management, plant pathology and protection, animal health and veterinary medicine, livestock production systems, environmental conservation and biodiversity, climate change impacts on agriculture, water resources management, food science and technology, agricultural biotechnology, ecological studies, and integrated farming systems. The journal aspires to excellence through disseminating innovative research that advances agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and animal welfare. Adhering to rigorous international peer-review standards, it guarantees publication of impactful studies that establish its reputation as an authoritative resource for scientists, practitioners, and policymakers regionally and internationally.
The Arab Institute for Science and Research Publishing (AISRP)
Sustainable Valorization of Olive Oil By-products for Food Applications: Mini Review
The production of olive fruits is a major agricultural and industrial activity with significant economic and vital importance. During the pressing process, about 80% of the material becomes a residue called olive pomace, while only 20% is oil. This ratio varies depending on the type of olive fruit and the extraction method employed, which presents a major challenge for olive presses in terms of draining, disposing of the residue, and protecting the environment. (Medeiros et al., 2016). The chemical analysis of waste from the olive oil industry shows it is high in dietary fiber (54.5%), lipids (11.5%), protein (8.9%), fatty acids, minerals (4%), and antioxidants. This encouraged researchers to utilize it as a food source to fortify food and to benefit from it in the improvement and development of food products as value-added ingredients (Nunes et al., 2019). Some previous studies have also demonstrated the high nutritional value of olive oil industry waste in preventing atherosclerosis, diabetes, obesity, and many other chronic diseases. Additionally, many studies have focused solely on extracting phenols from olive oil industry waste for pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses (Difonzo et al., 2021). The goal of this review is to highlight the positive features of olive pomace, allowing for the introduction of its important components into the development of certain food items. This technology aims to improve the nutritional profile of these meals while also addressing environmental problems related to the disposal of this byproduct.
Copyright (c) 2025 The Arab Institute for Science and Research Publishing (AISRP) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Evaluation of pollination of date palm trees of the Halawi variety with pollen of the Canary and green Ghanamy date palms on productivity and chemical components of fruits
This study, which was conducted in a private orchard in the Abu Al-Khaseeb area of Basrah Governorate during the 2022 growing season, aimed to test the effectiveness of Canary palm pollen as a new pollinator for Halawi date palm trees, and to compare its results with the most commonly used traditional pollinator, the green Ghanami palm, in terms of the productive and chemical characteristics of the fruits. A group of Halawi date palm trees were selected to be pollinated with the green Ghanami palm and Canary palm pollen. To ensure the success of the pollination process and prevent any mixing between the pollen and to avoid the occurrence of the Metaxenia phenomenon, the pollinated shoots were covered with paper bags for two weeks. After this period, the bags were removed and fruit samples were taken at the Khalal, Rutab and Tamer stages to measure the productive, physical and chemical characteristics of the fruits. The pollinated shoots were tightly covered with paper bags to ensure pollination, avoid mixing during pollination, and avoid Metaxenia . They were left for two weeks to ensure fruit set. The bags were then removed and fruit samples were taken at the Khalal, Rutab, and Tamr stages to measure some physical, chemical, and productive characteristics of the fruits. The results showed that pollination with the pollen of the green Ghannami palm led to an increase in both the weight and length of the fruit at the Khalal stage. It also contributed to raising the content of total soluble proteins and total soluble phenols at the Rutab stage to reach 204.3 and 0.185 mg.100 g-1, respectively, compared to the Canary pollen. On the other hand, pollination with the pollen of the Canary palm led to a decrease in the content of total soluble phenols at the Rutab stage to reach 0.044 mg.100 g-1, compared to the green Ghannami pollen, which amounted to 0.185 mg.100 g-1, and raised the content of total soluble carbohydrates and free amino acids at the Rutab stage. To reach 24.5 mg.g-1 and 28.6 mg.g-100 g-1, respectively. No significant differences were recorded between the two pollination in terms of total soluble solids.
Spatial Suitability of Harvesting Floodwater in The King Suleiman bin Abdelaziz’s Royal Reserve by Using GIS: Wadi Tawarn as a Model
The present study aimed to delineate the optimal sites for water harvesting in Wadi Tuwaran, located within the King Salman bin Abdulaziz Royal Reserve, through the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A comprehensive spatial database was constructed for the wadi, which encompasses an area of (136.74) km² and receives an average annual rainfall of (168.47) mm. The terrain is characterized by its ruggedness, while the geological formations predominantly consist of resistant granitic rocks. The selection of evaluation criteria was guided by the standards of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in conjunction with insights from previous research. These criteria were subsequently analyzed, reclassified, and weighted based on expert judgments obtained through a structured questionnaire distributed to specialists across hydrology, geomorphology, climatology, and GIS. The analytical process yielded spatial suitability maps for both dams and ponds, revealing that the proportion of areas classified as highly suitable amounted to (0.37%) for dams and (1.46%) for ponds.
Nanotechnology and its Role in the Advancement of Horticultural Crops: A Scientific Article
Nitrogen fertilizers, particularly urea, are among the most widely used agricultural inputs due to their high nitrogen content and easy availability. However, one of their major drawbacks is their rapid hydrolysis in moist soils, leading to ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss. This process results in serious environmental consequences, including eutrophication of water bodies and the emission of nitrous oxide a major greenhouse gas associated with agricultural activities. Similarly, conventional phosphate and potassium fertilizers suffer from issues such as nutrient fixation in the soil and reduced bioavailability to plants, which lower nutrient use efficiency and compel farmers to increase fertilizer application rates to maintain productivity. In low-income regions, where pollution levels are rising and food security remains fragile, the high cost and repeated application of these fertilizers pose a substantial economic burden, negatively affecting the sustainability of agricultural production. In response to these challenges, recent studies have focused on developing advanced agricultural technologies, notably the application of nanotechnology in fertilization. This includes the development of slow-release nano-fertilizers such as nano-urea, nano-phosphate, nano-zinc, and nano-iron, which offer higher nutrient use efficiency, reduced nutrient losses, improved soil fertility, and minimized environmental impacts. Such innovations represent a promising approach toward achieving sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture.
Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes in Meat of Broilers at The Northwestern Region of Syria
Listeria monocytogenes is considered one of the most important foodborne pathogens and poses a threat to public health due to its ability to survive in harsh environmental conditions such as refrigeration and high salinity, in addition to its particular danger to immunocompromised groups. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in marketed broiler meat in Idlib city - northwestern Syria, and to detect other associated species of Listeria spp. and Enterococcus spp., in addition to evaluating the health risks associated with them. (102) samples of broiler meat offered for retail sale were collected and subjected to bacteriological examinations using culture on selective media (Oxford agar), microscopic examination, biochemical tests, and identification using the Vitek-2 device. The results showed the presence of Listeria spp. in (8/102) samples, representing (7.84%). L. monocytogenes was detected in two samples (1.96%), while L. innocua was the most common (five samples, 4.90%), in addition to one L. welshimeri sample (0.98%). Enterococcus faecalis was also detected in two samples (1.96%), suggesting the possibility of mixed contamination. These results suggest that broiler meat may be a potential source of food contamination in the region, calling for enhanced health control and the implementation of good handling and storage practices.
Review: Curry leaves and their role in naturally preserving meat proteins and meat products
This study aimed to identify the nutritional and medicinal importance of the curry plant (Murraya koenigii). This is due to its richness in some bioactive substances, such as phenols, flavonoids, volatile oils, vitamins, minerals, and pigments. Curry is a bioactive plant, characterized by its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, which has made it widely used in many food, medical, and therapeutic applications. Many studies have aimed to identify its components and study the variation among them from a nutritional and therapeutic perspective, in addition to incorporating them into food products, especially red meat and poultry. This review reviews the most prominent of these studies and seeks to highlight the role of curry leaves as a natural preservative.
Camel treatment through ages: A comparative study in Veterinary Medicine
The research traces the historic trajectory of veterinary practices for the care of camels from its start in written Islamic veterinary tradition to orally transmitted ethnoveterinary knowledge among the Bedouin peoples, to today's evidence-based veterinary application. It attempts to make, through a critical holistic approach, a diagnostic and therapeutic practice-based comparison of the three epistemic regimes (traditional, folk, and modern) to reflect upon the viability and efficacy of common traditional procedures (such as cauterization, bloodletting, and medicinal use of herbs) through the prism of today's medical needs. It also reveals the primordial role of Arab-Islamic civilization in creating veterinary science and demonstrates how written and oral knowledge intertwined to form a holistic epistemic system. It identifies, in conclusion, promising practical bases for synthesizing such knowledge by the application of a «One Health» approach to connect the health of humans, animals, and the environment. It sustains such synthesis through technology use, educational activities for populations, as well as intangible medical documentation, and recognizes a sustainable developmental outlook for the healthcare of camels.
Table of Content: Camel treatment through ages: A comparative study in Veterinary Medicine Prof. Mohamed Mostafa Seif Review: Curry leaves and their role in naturally preserving meat proteins and meat products Asst-Prof. Lina S. Mohammed ,Asst-Prof. Alia Z. Hashem , Asst-Prof. Mohammed A. Salman Investigation of Listeria monocytogenes in Meat of Broilers at The Northwestern Region of Syria Alaa Aldin Sobaia Alrahil , Prof. Fouad Hamad Al-Daoud Nanotechnology and its Role in the Advancement of Horticultural Crops: A Scientific Article Asst-Prof. Fatin H. Al-Dulaimi , Prof. Mohammed A. H. Al-Najjar , Prof. Sukeyna. A. Aliwy, Prof. Wasen F. Fadel Spatial Suitability of Harvesting Floodwater in The King Suleiman bin Abdelaziz’s Royal Reserve by Using GIS "Wadi Tawarn as a Model" Ms. Norah Mashaan Aid, Dr. Ummhani Idris Ahmed Evaluation of pollination of date palm trees of the Halawi variety with pollen of the Canary and green Ghanamy date palms on productivity and chemical components of fruits Prof. Muntaha Abdul Zahra Ati, Asst-Prof. Abdul Samad A.Abdullah Sustainable Valorization of Olive Oil By-products for Food Applications: Mini Review Ms. Ohoud Hussin Almasaudi, Dr. Asmahan Azhari ,Prof. Mohamed Gadallah Elsayed Gadallah
Journal of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences
The Effect of Castration on Feedlot Performance and Non-Carcass Components of Young Male Sudanese Nubian Goats
This study was carried out to investigate the effect of castration on feedlot performance and non-carcass components of Sudanese Nubian Male Goats. Twenty Nubian Male Goats of similar weight (14.2 Kg) and similar age (less than a year) were used. Experimental Goats were divided into two groups of 10 goats each. The two groups took the same ration throughout the experimental period which lasted for 150 days. After the adaptation period, one group of goats was selected randomly for castration using the Burdizzo method, and the other group served as a control. Independent student t-test was used to examine the significance of differences between the two groups. Results showed that castration significantly (P< 0.01) reduced the final kid's weight. Live body weight gain and feed intake were insignificantly decreased. Non-carcass components were not significantly affected by castration except that mesenteric, omental, and kidney knob fat which were significantly (p<0.05) higher in the castrates. It could be concluded that castration had adverse effect on feedlot perfprmance and noncarcass parameters.
Overview on Quail Management, Production and Its Physiological Performance (Article Review)
This review aims to provide information on the characteristics of quail production and management, identify its nutritional requirements, and define its role as a key component of livestock production. The quail (Coturnix) is known by many names in the Arabic language, and there are many types of it, each of which is divided into several varieties or subspecies. The Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) is the most common and widely used in the poultry industry and scientific research. Quail, on the other hand, is a small, domesticated wild bird known for its quick, agile movements and distinctive voice. Its weight ranges from 160 to 250 grams, and it reaches sexual maturity at 5 weeks of age. It is a dual-purpose bird, producing both eggs and meat, with an annual egg production ranging from 250 to 300 eggs. Therefore, quail has significantly contributed to alleviating the meat and egg crisis in the world. In the 1960s, researchers in Japan and neighboring Asian countries focused on developing new quail breeds characterized by high body weights and high egg production when reared for 8 weeks using modern intensive rearing systems, and the Japanese quail became the most widely used in the poultry industry and scientific research because it is an important economic bird with low care costs, high egg production, rapid adaptation, and resistance to environmental conditions and diseases. It is also suitable for intensive rearing in small spaces, in addition to its short generation period (3-4 generations per year).
Effect of adding sodium lactate and acetic acid on on Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in red and white meat
The aim of this research was to study the effect of sodium lactate and acetic acid on Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in red and white meat. These bacteria are considered a major cause of some meat-borne diseases and contribute significantly to meat spoilage. The aim was to inhibit the growth of these bacteria to the permissible limit. Meat samples were immersed in a sodium lactate solution at different concentrations (2% and 4%) and acetic acid solution at concentrations (1% and 2%) for 30 minutes. The effect of acetic acid at two different concentrations on these meats was then studied. The results were evaluated after testing the number of bacteria in the meat. The results demonstrated the ability of sodium lactate to inhibit the growth of these bacteria. Samples treated with a 2% sodium lactate solution inhibited these bacteria, while a 4% concentration performed better on these meats. Acetic acid at 1% and 2% concentrations inhibited the growth of E. coli. We conclude from this study that adding 4% sodium lactate can eliminate these bacteria, while acetic acid at 1% and 2% concentrations inhibited the growth of E. coli, which produces a toxin that is toxic to Vero cells. The results showed significant differences at P&lt;0.05. These results confirm that adding these compounds can reduce contamination with these bacteria and thus contribute to public health.
A proposed model for evaluating the organization and management of time among farmers in applying agricultural practices / Nineveh Governorate (Literature review study)
The main objectives of the article were to evaluate the time management practices of the farmers by objectives: Building a model for organizing & managing of the time among farmers in applying agricultural practices/ Nineveh Governorate; identifying importance of the organizing & dividing time in managing of agricultural practices; & identifying methods for time management during the agricultural seasons, then descriptive approach was adopted as a basic approach in this study, then to achieve the research objectives; we relied entirely on the review of literature & articles (purely literary review) although there are many studies which done in this domain were (10) studies, there is lack of orient toward this matter although it’s important, as a primary source of the research data. Previous studies related to topic of time management were selected (based on the focusing on organizational; sequential and administrative time research).Most important results achieved: steps were developed to the develop a model for organizing farmers' time which including: evaluating current time use setting time limits for implementing agricultural activities & practices; creating a list of the assigned tasks & obligations for farmers; grouping related tasks; planning the day; focusing on difficult tasks first; making organization a habit & allocating free time between the tasks to achieve second goal, the importance of organizing & dividing time to manage agricultural practices was identified, to achieve third goal: determining methods for the managing time during agricultural season goals were set to increase agricultural production correctly using “SMART” method when setting goals, prioritize agricultural practices wisely, the define tasks based on this importance & urgency, set an important specific time to complete the work, and the most benefits of the time management in Nigeria is keeping sustainable development, and using agricultural resources about ratio of 70% and depend on liner software.
:Table of Content A proposed model for evaluating the organization and management of time among farmers in applying agricultural practices / Nineveh Governorate (Literature review study) Asst-Prof. Asmaa Zuhair Younis, Lecturer. Anhar Mohammed Ali Hasan ,Asst- lecturer. Mohammed Ahmed Mahal Effect of adding sodium lactate and acetic acid on on Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) in red and white meat Dr. Ammar Haji Al-Ali, Prof. Abdulaziz Arwaneh ,Dr. Ghiath Suleiman Overview on Quail Management, Production and Its Physiological Performance (Article Review) Lecturer \ Khalid H. Mustafa Al-Sofee, Asst-Prof. Anwar M. Y. Al-Hamed, Prof. Abdullah F. Abdul-Majeed, Asst-Prof. Mohammad A. E. H. Osman The Effect of Castration on Feedlot Performance and Non-Carcass Components of Young Male Sudanese Nubian Goats Ms. Manal Yassin Mohamed , Co-Prof. Yagoub Magboul Yagoub , Prof. Salih Ahmed Babiker
The impact of urban expansion on the vegetation cover in the city of Baqaa using geographic information systems during the period (1990-2024 AD)
Vegetation cover is fundamental to life on Earth, and its deterioration poses a significant threat to the natural environment, contributing to increasingly extreme climatic changes as well as drought and desertification. The decline in vegetation cover also adversely affects the relationship between humans and the environment, disrupting the balance within ecosystems and leading to soil degradation. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has witnessed rapid and monumental urban growth, particularly in cities such as Baqaa, where the population has surged, resulting in extensive urban expansion that encroaches upon the natural environment and vegetation cover. This necessitates the implementation of sustainable planning policies and the development of green areas within urban settings, aligned with the comprehensive national vision for 2030 (Al-Zamil & Al-Qarni, 2019, p.1). Moreover, urban sprawl into green spaces is a primary cause of vegetation decline, as swift technological advancement and accelerating population growth heighten the demand for housing and urban development, thereby exacerbating the pressure on ecological systems (Al-Sanousi & Al-Shahab, 2018, p.40). This study has examined the impact of urban expansion in Baqaa on vegetation cover over a span of thirty years, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and remote sensing. It highlights the initiatives undertaken in the region to preserve the natural environment in accordance with the Kingdom’s Vision 2030, identifying green areas that require protection and proposing their future development into exceptional recreational and tourist destinations, thereby safeguarding the environmental context climatically and health-wise through their positive influence on climate and reduction of pollution from human waste.
Copyright (c) 2025 Arab Institute of Sciences & Research Publishing - AISRP https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Assessment of the Population Structure and Regeneration Status of Different Communities of Vachellia gerrardii in Al-Haski Valley, Al-Taysia Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Assessment of population structure provides necessary information about the status and disturbance of the forest key supporting indicator for forest management and conservation interventions. In this study, current Vachellia gerrardii community status in Al-Haski Valley in Al-Al-Taysia Reserve was assessed in term of population structure and regeneration pattern. Several sites were also selected for data collection, and the population status of Acacia trees and regeneration patterns were measured. The population structure was then analyzed and classified according to the distribution of tree height classes and crown area size, in order to determine the potential effects of other factors on the populations. We also assessed the status of new regeneration, tree density, tree diameter, height, crown area, canopy cover percentage, associated trees and shrubs, and fluctuations in the Emberger drought index. The study showed that the Hasaki Valley has been suffering from recurrent and variable drought over the past thirty years (1993-2023). This has affected the condition of Acacia trees by reducing tree density and the abundance of natural regeneration per unit area in different valley sectors. It also affected the structure of Acacia populations and tree growth characteristics (diameter, height, and crown area). While the protection of the Hasaki Valley in 2018 contributed to mitigating this damage through the growth of a new generation (young trees) of Acacia trees in the valley, as well as the process of regulating grazing in the various valley sectors.
Agricultural production in the southern central Rif: between traditional practices and the desire for modernization and intensification: Taounate District as a model
Traditional agriculture in the Taounate District has long been the primary economic activity and resource for the local population because of both the absence and limited importance of other activities. However, its weak returns -resulting from natural, organizational, and technical constraints- have altogether forced the state and local farmers to adopt production models that are based on modernization and intensification using what is available with the aim of increasing productivity and achieving regular and sustainable incomes. In this context, this study aims to highlight the reality of agricultural production in the Taounate district, between traditional practices and the desire for modernization and intensification. The study explores the transformations affecting agricultural production methods, including tools and inputs, the manifestations of agricultural intensification, and the yield of products. It also examines some of the constraints hindering modernization and intensification processes, In this paper, the descriptive and analytical approaches have adopted, based on a field norm survey of 840 farmers. The most important findings we have reached are summarized as follows: The early farmers' move towards modernization and intensification; 50.8% of them currently rely on selected seeds, 89.9% use pesticides, 71.1% use chemical fertilizers, and 87.2% rely on threshing machines. As to crops, they have been diversified and intensified using what is available (cereals, fruit trees). Agricultural revenue has also witnessed some improvement, especially in the wet seasons, with an average of 17 tons/ha for cereals, 21 tons/ha for olives, and 17.6 tons/ha. However, this desire for intensification and modernization is facing natural and organizational constraints. Therefore, this study proposes reform at two levels: First, we suggest a transition from Dry agriculture to irrigated agriculture, providing a solution to the land problem, Second, we propose the necessity of establishing an industrial base to enhance the value of agricultural products and improve livestock breeds.
Table of Content: 1. Agricultural production in the southern central Rif: between traditional practices and the desire for modernization and intensification "Taounate District as a model" Dr. Hini Mohammed, Dr. El-Bazoui Jaouad, Dr. Errafik Mohammed 2. Assessment of the Population Structure and Regeneration Status of Different Communities of Vachellia gerrardii in Al-Haski Valley, Al-Taysia Reserve, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Mr. Maher Mohammad Bali,Prof. Ahmed Abdullah Al-Dughairi ,Dr. Ali Ebrahem Al-Zubaidi 3. The impact of urban expansion on the vegetation cover in the city of Baqaa using geographic information systems during the period (1990-2024 AD) Dr. Seham Sayer Khalif Al-Shammari
The level of application by cow breeders of scientific recommendations related to hemorrhagic fever disease in the Gogjali region
The aim of this study is to determine the level of application of cattle breeders who live in the Gogjali region during the period 2023-2024 , east of Nineveh Governorate, for the scientific recommendations related to hemorrhagic fever disease, in addition to identifying the correlation between personal factors and the dependent factor, as well as identifying the obstacles facing the control of this disease, the research sample consisted of 170 respondents representing 50% of the research community, the research tool consisted of three parts. The first part included 5 independent variables, the second part consisted of 23 items related to measures derived from scientific recommendations, while the third part consisted of 8 paragraphs measuring the obstacles that limit the control of the disease. The tool was presented in its initial form to some specialists to verify the content validity, and then the value of the Cronbach alpha coefficient was found , it is a statistical tool used to make sure that if the questionnaire is distributed a second time , the results will be the same as the first time , and its value in this study which was 0.88. The results showed that 82% of breeders had average application level and tended to decrease. The results showed a significant correlation between the dependent variable and the following variables (age, educational level, size of the breeder's possession of cows, level of exposure of the breeder to sources of information about the disease). conclusion shows that the study area is threatened by a widespread outbreak of the disease due to the respondents' weak application of scientific recommendations. due to the respondents' weak application of scientific recommendations.
Compensatory growth in female Nubian goats in Sudan effect on carcass characteristics, external body measurements and non carcass components (B)
Two groups of female goat kids less than one year in age, Nubian ecotype (15 kids/ group) and of the same initial weight (16.5 kg/kid) were subjected to two dietary levels of energy for 105 days, the first group was offered the highest energy diet (11.5 Mj ME/kcl) while the second group was given the lowest dietary energy diet (8.5 Mj ME/kcl). Through this term of the experiment (105 days) kids of the second group were found just to maintain their weight. Then seven kids from the second group was offered the highest energy diet (11.5 MjME/kcl) to reach the final weight obtained by the first group, it spent 175 days to reach that weight. Six kids from each group were selected randomly and slaughtered to study the effect of compensatory growth on carcass characteristics, external body measurements, non-carcass components and meat quality attributes. Carcass characteristics were not affected by compensatory growth. Carcass fat, bone and muscles were increased in the compensating group. Gut fill was slightly decreased in the compensated group. However, dressing percentage increased significantly (P< 0.05) in the compensated group. However Compensatory growth did not significantly affect fat distribution throughout the body, but total body, carcass and visceral fat were increased in the compensating group. All non carcass components were not affected by the compensatory growth except the liver which was significantly (P< 0.05) increased and the udder which was significantly (P< 0.05) decreased in the compensated group. Meat chemical composition was significantly affected by compensatory growth. Percentages of fat, sacroplasmic and Myofibrillar proteins increased significantly (P< 0.01) in the meat from the compensating goats. Moisture, ash, non-protein nitrogen percentages and pH values decreased but not significantly so in the meat from the compensated goat group. Meat from the compensated goat group showed superior water holding capacity and less cooking loss value. Meat from goats that experienced compensatory growth was significantly lighter in colour possibly due to increased fatness. However, redness values of the meat, though not significant .were lower compared with that from normally growing goat kids. Carcass measurements as heart girth and abdomen circumference were significantly (P< 0.05) increased by the compensatory growth, while measurements, as body length and scapular and thigh circumference were not significantly affected.
carcass characteristics measurements and non-carcass components and female goats
Review Paper on the Impact of Climate Change (Temperature, Winds, and Rainfall) on Archaeological Sites in Libya and Mediterranean Basin Countries in Recent Decades
Libya, like any other country in North Africa and around the world, is experiencing rapid climate changes that impact various environmental, economic, and social aspects of the country. One of the critical areas affected by these changes is archaeological sites, which are integral to Libya's cultural and historical heritage. This paper provides a comprehensive review of previous studies in Libya and some studies from Mediterranean countries (Egypt, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and Italy) that addressed the impact of climate change on coastal archaeological sites in the region, highlighting the environmental and cultural effects of these changes. The review noted various implications on certain sites, including coastal erosion due to the rise in waves in Apollonia and Tokra in Northeastern Libya, coastal retreat resulting from floods and high winds, and erosion in Susa in the Northeast and Sabratha in the western coastal area. To mitigate those risks, researchers emphasize the need to use barriers such as seawalls or stone blocks to reduce the impact of waves on the shores, and to plant coastal vegetation and trees to protect the soil from erosion. Hence, the authors emphasize the need to raise public awareness about the importance of cultural heritage, which calls for urgent responses from researchers to conduct specialized studies to protect archaeological sites and understand the long-term effects of climate change on these sites. Additionally, there is a need for the government and policymakers to develop and apply sustainable strategies to preserve the heritage and adapt it to these changes.
Analysis of Key Social and Economic Factors of Farmers Benefiting from Grants Provided by the Rural Economic Growth and Employment Project within Savings and Credit Groups in Jordan
The study aimed to estimate the benefit derived from the grants provided by the Rural Economic Growth and Employment Project (REGEP) for savings and credit groups; evaluating the differences in the most prominent social and economic factors among farmers benefiting from the grants, including the achievement of grant objectives across various governorates; examining the impact of the grants on marketing practices through the adoption of electronic marketing techniques; and identifying the main challenges faced by beneficiary farmers in achieving the grants' objectives. Non-parametric tests were employed as the primary analytical methodology due to the failure to meet the assumptions required for parametric tests. The sample consisted of 242 grants. The study's key recommendations emphasized the need to intensify efforts in the governorates of Ma’an and Tafileh to enhance productivity and income levels, in comparison to other governorates such as Irbid, Ramtha, and Madaba, which showed higher increases in productivity and income among beneficiaries. This can be achieved by highlighting success stories and the supportive factors contributing to them. Additionally, the study recommended exploring sufficient funding mechanisms to meet grant objectives, as challenges in securing adequate funding were found to negatively impact productivity and income enhancement. Continuous support through free or volunteer-based advisory services provided by civil society organizations was also deemed crucial. In addition, the study also recommends re-examining ways to address the obstacles to farmers' export capabilities.
Table of Content: 1. Analysis of Key Social and Economic Factors of Farmers Benefiting from Grants Provided by the Rural Economic Growth and Employment Project within Savings and Credit Groups in Jordan Dr. Amin Osama Shammout ,Eng. Zaid Fahed Al-Nsour ,Eng. Mohammad Abd Al-Fattah Abo Hammour 2. Review Paper on the Impact of Climate Change (Temperature, Winds, and Rainfall) on Archaeological Sites in Libya and Mediterranean Basin Countries in Recent Decades Ms. Aya N. Ashuraks, Ms. Zuhur S. Lahrsh ,Ms. Retaj F. Altarhony, Dr. Elhadi E. Abugrean, Co-Prof. Yosof M. Khalifa 3. Compensatory growth in female Nubian goats in Sudaneffect on carcass characteristics, external body measurements and non carcass components (B) Co-Prof. Yagoub Magboul Yagoub ,Prof. Salih Ahmed Babiker 4. The level of application by cow breeders of scientific recommendations related to hemorrhagic fever disease in the Gogjali region Mohammed Ahmed Mahal
Compensatory growth in Nubian female goats in Sudan Effect on performance (A)
Two groups of female goat kids less than one year in age, Nubian ecotype (15 kids/ group) and of the same initial weight (16.5 kg/kid) were subjected to two dietary levels of energy for 105 days, the first group was offered the highest energy diet (11.5 Mj ME/kcl) while the second group was given the lowest dietary energy diet (8.5 Mj ME/kcl). Through this term of the experiment (105 days) kids of the second group were found just to maintain their weight. Then seven kids from the second group was offered the highest energy diet (11.5 MjME/kcl) to reach the final weight obtained by the first group, it spent 175 days to reach that weight. These kids which were raised on the lowest dietary energy level (8.5 MjME/kg) were used to study the effect of compensatory growth on the performance of the female goat kids. Weekly, daily rate of gains and total dry matter intake were significantly (P< 0.001) lower in the compensating female goats than the first group.
Copyright (c) 2024 Arab Institute of Sciences & Research Publishing - AISRP https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Analysis of Al Haydawan (Boerhavia elegana) Seed Extracts: Mineral Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Primary Antioxidant Activity
Many consumers are increasingly seeking safer alternatives to synthetic additives in food, leading to a preference for healthier options. Consequently, the food industry is exploring various plant-based preservatives. These natural ingredients offer antioxidant benefits, boost bioactive compound levels, and enhance food products' microbiological stability. It is also crucial to assess how these preservatives influence the sensory attributes of new items, as they may produce flavors or textures that some consumers find unappealing. Boerhavia elegana L. (from the Nyctaginaceae family) is a medicinal plant known for treating kidney issues, urinary problems, and blood purifying. This study investigated the differences between aqueous and ethanolic AlHaydawan extracts regarding mineral, antioxidant, and phenolic content on cold storage's first and seventh days.
Evaluating the efficiency of some safe management methods for root-knot nematodes on eggplant in compare with a nematicide, Vaydate
Laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted for managing root-knot nematodes (RKNs) on eggplant using garlic extract and poultry manure compared with vaydate®. Under laboratory conditions, garlic extract and poultry manure caused 99.5% and 77.5% mortality of second-stage juveniles (J2s) of root-knot nematodes (RKNs), respectively, compared to the vaydate® treatment (99.7-100%). Twelve treatments were designed and applied in greenhouse experiments to manage root-knot nematodes. Results showed that using garlic extract and poultry manure, either alone or combined with vaydate®, reduced the number of root galls and improved plant growth. The highest plant growth was observed with poultry manure treatment. Therefore, we concluded that eco-friendly biological control methods effectively managed RKNs and promoted plant growth.
The Forest Heritage of Rosemary in the Taourirt Region - Eastern Morocco - Between Smuggling and Uprooting
The rural areas within the Taourirt Province, in Eastern Morocco, are rich in diverse natural resources (rosemary, alfa grass, pottery industry, charcoal, etc.), which have fostered a social knowledge adapted to the natural environment, creating a relationship of mutual influence. Rosemary is part of Morocco's strategy for the development of medicinal and aromatic plants. In the Taourirt Province, this plant covers an area of approximately 150,000 hectares, with an estimated production in the study area of more than 44,500 tons. However, the field study of the management of this vital resource – the forest heritage of rosemary – in the mountainous areas within the study region remains below expectations, limiting its sustainability and reducing the benefits derived from it. This situation highlights the need to strengthen governance in its exploitation and establish industrial units for local value enhancement, benefiting from its cancer-fighting and antioxidant properties, in addition to seeking ways to market the product domestically and internationally.
The Effect of Climate Elements Represented by Temperature, Wind Speed, Relative Humidity and Precipitation on the Production of Organic Barley Harvest in the Kingdom of Bahrain
The present research aimed to investigate the effect of climate elements represented by temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and precipitation on the production of organic barley crops in the Kingdom of Bahrain. This research was prepared during the agricultural season 2023-2024 on a plot of land measuring 24 square meters in Hamad Town, Kingdom of Bahrain. Organic barley grains of the Rayhan variety were used. The researcher used Bahrain Weather Climate Reports from The Bahrain Meteorological Directorate and used the statistical processing (SPSS Statistics) to find the Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the elements, and data tables to calculate percentages and means. The results showed that the research hypothesis was achieved, and an abundant barley crop was obtained, amounting to approximately 600%. The research reached some proposed recommendations, such as encouraging investment in the agricultural sector to increase the area of land planted with grain crops, specifically barley, and enhancing farmers' trends to expand barley cultivation, in addition to urging individuals to contribute to expanding the green area and working to combine efforts to maintain a sustainable environment.
Effect of humic supplementation on the germination rate and some morphological characters of three cultivars of sorghum under salt stress conditions
This research was carried out in the village of Hawija Al-Sawafi, (3 km south of Al-Raqqa Governorate), during the two growing seasons 2010 - 2011. In order to study the effect of humic addition on some growth and productivity characteristics of three cultivars of Sorghum under salt stress conditions. The experiment was designed using split plot design with three replications. The experiment included three different levels of salinity, (1.3, 7.6, and 10dm/m-1 respectively) and three levels of Humic acid (0, 1, 2 gl-1), and three varieties of sorghum. (Hammoui, Zuri and Azraa3). Where salinity levels represented the main plots, while the cultivars represented the splinter plots. While the humic applications were distributed in the subcutaneous splinter. The following characteristics were studied germination rate, number of tillers per plant, plant height, protein content of seeds. The results of the research showed a significant decrease in the average of the studied traits with the increase in soil salinity from (1.3 dmm-1) to (10 dmm-1). All cultivars were affected by the increase in salinity, and the Hamwi model was superior in the percentage of germination Germination rate and plant height, The addition of humic organic fertilizer at two concentrations 2 gl-1 of humic acid reduced the harmful effect of salinity on all studied traits. And the concentration exceeded 2 gl-1, gave the highest means for all the studied traits. The interaction between irrigation water salinity and humic acid application gave a significant result in the studied traits.
Table of Content: 1. Effect of humic supplementation on the germination rate and some morphological characters of three cultivars of sorghum under salt stress conditions Dr. Ghada Mohammed Rashid Al-Taha 2. The Effect of Climate Elements Represented by Temperature, Wind Speed, Relative Humidity and Precipitation on the Production of Organic Barley Harvest in the Kingdom of Bahrain Ms. Huda Fadhalalla Galadari 3. The Forest Heritage of Rosemary in the Taourirt Region - Eastern Morocco - Between Smuggling and Uprooting Dr. Mohammed Lakhdari,Dr. Jaouad El-Bazoui,Dr. Mohamed Aziach, Dr. Abdelouahed Bouberria 4. Evaluating the efficiency of some safe management methods for root-knot nematodes on eggplant in compare with a nematicide, Vaydate Mr. Hafiz Mohamed Dafalla Yousif, Prof. Fahad Abdullah Al-Yahya, Mr. Mostafa Ahmed El-Qurashi 5. Analysis of Al Haydawan (Boerhavia elegana) Seed Extracts: Mineral Composition, Total Phenolic Content, and Primary Antioxidant Activity Ms. Suad Ali Sulaiman Almegairshah, Dr. Asmahan Azhari Ali, Prof. Sahar Hassan Salah Mohamed 6. Compensatory growth in Nubian female goats in Sudan Effect on performance (A) Co-Prof. Yagoub Magboul Yagoub, Prof. Salih Ahmed Babiker
Comparison of the production performance of some phenotypic groups and their crosses of quail birds
The study aimed to determine the production efficiency of local quail phenotypic groups with different feather colors (white, brown, and desert) and their crosses. The results showed significant differences between groups in average body weight at 2, 4, and 6 weeks of age, and in weight gain at 2 and 4 weeks of age in favor of the T6 cross followed by the T5 cross, while T1 recorded the lowest body weight and weight gain compared to other hybrids. Significant differences in feed consumption were observed at 2 and 6 weeks, with no significant differences at 4 weeks. The highest feed consumption was recorded at 6 weeks for hybrids compared to pure groups, and feed conversion efficiency improved at 2 weeks for T5 and T6. At 4 weeks of age, T5, T7, and T6 recorded the best feed conversion efficiency. Positive heterosis in weight at 4 weeks was observed in favor of T5, T6, and T7, while it was negative in T4. Body weight at 6 weeks increased in hybrids T5, T6, and T7 compared to their expected value in the parental groups, and feed conversion efficiency improved at 6 weeks in hybrids T4 and T7. We conclude that heterosis increases the economic value of hybrids, with T6 and T5 being the best hybrids.