Nouafla, Mahmoud Rajaa Hassan. “– Arabic, English, Turkish Vowels – Comparative Studying”. Arab Journal for Sciences and Research Publishing 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 109–94. Accessed December 20, 2025. https://www.ajsrp.ojsexpert.com/index.php/ajsrp/article/view/1351.